Abstract:

Transgender populations in the United States have been impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This systematic review estimates the prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviors of transgender persons. Comprehensive searches of the US-based HIV behavioral prevention literature identified 29 studies focusing on male-to-female (MTF) transgender women; five of these studies also reported data on female-to-male (FTM) transgender men. Using meta-analytic approaches, prevalence rates were estimated by synthesizing weighted means. Meta-analytic findings indicated that 27.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.8–30.6%) of MTFs tested positive for HIV infection (four studies), while 11.8% (95% CI, 10.5–13.2%) of MTFs self-reported being HIVseropositive (18 studies). Higher HIV infection rates were found among African-American MTFs regardless of assessment method (56.3% test result; 30.8% self-report). Large percentages of MTFs (range, 27–48%) reported engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., unprotected receptive anal intercourse, multiple casual partners, sex work). Prevalence rates of HIV and risk behaviors were low among FTMs. Contextual factors potentially related to increased HIV risk include mental health concerns, physical abuse, social isolation, economic marginalization, and unmet transgender-specific healthcare needs. Additional research is needed to explain the causes of HIV risk behavior of transgender persons. These findings should be considered when developing and adapting prevention interventions for transgender populations.

Notes:

"Online First" as an e-publication. Journal publication date unknown.

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Abstract:

The essay comments on the disappearance of visible social spaces for GLBT people, in light of virtual reality, Internet access, and the growth of an online gay culture. The Internet has made the pick-up process easier for gay and bisexual men who were afraid of face-to-face rejection. The shift to online cruising is a contributing factor in the closing of social spaces such as gay bars and community centers. During the gay rights movement, gay bars have been places where GLBT people could socialize and organize politically. The author is concerned that homophobia in the United States will increase if gay youth do not assert their rights in the real world and if visible gay social spaces are lost.

Notes:

Vol. 13 Issue 1, p20-22 3p

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